Emre Can and Georginio Wijnaldum failed to fill the void as the Foxes dominated in their first game without Claudio Ranieri.
Henderson missed out at the King Power Stadium after sustaining a foot injury in training ahead of the Premier League clash.
And with Liverpool’s showdown against Arsenal on Saturday (5.30pm) fast approaching, Klopp is not holding out much hope of a return.
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Jordan Henderson's last appearance for Liverpool came in their 2-0 win over Spurs on February 11
It looks like he will not be ready for Arsenal
Jurgen Klopp
"It looks like he will not be ready for Arsenal,” Klopp said.
“That's how it looks but I'm not sure, we will see."
Liverpool have just had a two-week break but still looked ill-prepared at Leicester.
The defeat sees them stay fifth in the table, although a victory against the Gunners will see Jurgen Klopp’s side leapfrog them.
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Jurgen Klopp saw his Liverpool side crumble without captain Jordan Henderson at Leicester
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Jordan Henderson has been a key figure in the Liverpool team this term
However, from the two league games Henderson has not started this season, Liverpool have picked up just one point.
Arsenal will be relieved if the England international does not feature at the weekend.
And should Henderson be forced to sit out again, Liverpool’s next game on March 12 against Burnley will be targeted for a comeback.